Present Perfect:

Form: HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE (e.g. have/has been)

Time expressions: since, for, yet, already, just, ever, never, recently, lately, before

- indefinite time (we don't know when exactly something happened and it's not important either) => I've been to New York BEFORE.

                          => Alice has finished her homework.

- when there's a result in the present related to something happening before, e.g.                                  => Mary has JUST washed her hair. (a result - it's still wet) 

                          => We have been here since Monday. (we arrived on Monday and we're still here)

- when referring to a period of time, e.g.,

                           => We've been friends FOR 10 years (we are still friends although our friendship started 10 years ago)

                           => Thomas and I have played in this band SINCE high school. (we're still doing it)

Past Simple:

Past tense (e.g. was, went, forgot)

Time expressions: yesterday, three days ago, last week, in 1984

-definite time (we know exactly when in the past something happened), e.g. 

                            => Titanic sank in 1912.

                            => My friend brought me a cat yesterday.

Combination of both:

Since I met him, we've been friends. (I met him in the past and we have been friends up to this day)

I've already been to Viena, I visited it last October.

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